Today this took me a while to figure out, so I'm going to write it down here, maybe it can be helpful for someone.
I'm using Eloquent, the Laravel ORM and I need to perform this query without getting into joins or raw SQL queries.

I need to get the registers from table1 that are related to any register from table5 and filtered by a certain id value for table5.

Table1 and table5 are not directly related, their relationship goes through many tables table2,table3 and table4, like this:
Schema
After struggling for a while this is how I made it:

public function navigation($table5ID){
  return Table1::whereHas('table2', function ($query) use ($table5ID) {
    $query->whereHas('table3', function ($query2) use ($table5ID) {
      $query2->whereHas('table4', function ($query3) use ($table5ID) {
        $query3->whereHas('table5', function ($query4) use ($table5ID) {
          $query4->where('table5_id', $table5ID);
        });
      });
    });
  })->get();
}